Icons Used in This Book
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Command Syntax Conventions
The conventions used to present command syntax in this book are the same conventions used in the IOS
Command Reference. The Command Reference describes these conventions as follows:
Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are entered literally as shown. In actual configuration
examples and output (not general command syntax), boldface indicates commands that are manually
input by the user (such as a show command).
Italic indicates arguments for which you supply actual values.
Vertical bars (|) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements.
Square brackets ([ ]) indicate an optional element.
Braces ({ }) indicate a required choice.
Braces within brackets ([{ }]) indicate a required choice within an optional element.
Foreword
With the explosion of the Internet economy, the continuous availability of mission-critical systems has never
been more important. Network administrators through to business managers are expected by their customers,
employees, and suppliers to provide constant network resource availability and access to critical applications
and data in a completely secure environment. Not only is this a challenge, the stakes in breaching network
security have never been higher.
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