1Q 24
802.1Q Frame 25
802.1Q Native VLAN 26
Understanding VLAN Trunking Protocol 26
VTP Modes 27
VTP Operation 28
VTP Pruning 29
Configuring VLANs and Trunks 30
VTP Configuration 30
Example: VTP Configuration 31
802.1Q Trunking Configuration 32
VLAN Creation 35
VLAN Port Assignment 37
Adds, Moves, and Changes for VLANs 38
Adding VLANs and Port Membership 39
Changing VLANs and Port Membership 39
Deleting VLANs and Port Membership 39
Summary of Implementing VLANs and Trunks 39
xi
Improving Performance with Spanning Tree 40
Building a Redundant Switched Topology 40
Choosing Interconnection Technologies 40
Determining Equipment and Cabling Needs 42
EtherChannel Overview 43
Redundant Topology 45
Recognizing Issues of a Redundant Switched Topology 46
Switch Behavior with Broadcast Frames 46
Broadcast Storms 46
Example: Broadcast Storms 46
Multiple Frame Transmissions 47
Example: Multiple Transmissions 47
MAC Database Instability 48
Resolving Issues with STP 49
Spanning-Tree Operation 50
Example: Selecting the Root Bridge 51
Example: Spanning-Tree Operation 54
Example: Spanning-Tree Path Cost 55
Example: Spanning-Tree Recalculation 56
STP Convergence 56
Per VLAN Spanning Tree+ 56
PVST+ Operation 57
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 58
Per VLAN RSTP 59
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol 59
RSTP Port Roles 60
Configuring RSTP 61
Summary of Improving Performance with Spanning Tree 63
Routing Between VLANs 64
Understanding Inter-VLAN Routing 64
Example: Router on a Stick 64
Example: Subinterfaces 65
Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing 65
Summary of Routing Between VLANs 66
Securing the Expanded Network 66
Overview of Switch Security Concerns 66
Securing Switch Devices 68
Securing Switch Protocols 70
Mitigating Compromises Launched Through a Switch 70
Describing Port Security 71
802.
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